Bascially the marine vhf antennas are a piece of wire, inside of the fiberglass tapered 8' tube. This is held in place with pieces of foam, and pulled in during manufacture. If you cut the wire, it will no longer be a good antenna, and the SWR will increase--a high SWR will shut down the final output transisters on the radio, to prevent damage, and you will be transmitting on a much lower power, if at all.
The antennas them selves are made of wire--and may be a 1/2 wave or 5/8 wave antenna, some may have a tuned stub and some have filters to reject spurious signals. Some are end fed; some are center fed. So if you try and resurect a broken antenna, you have to know how it was designed--and probably will need an antenna anaylizer to make sure you get it right when you solder it back together.
I have had the antennas splinter, in a boat which was used a lot in rough weather. I have delt with this in a temporary fashion either by splinting the antenna, with a piece of PVCP pipe over the broken area, or spiral wrapping it with 2" fiberglass and epoxy, after sanding.
The 36" whip I described in my earlier post, is a 3 db gain, and made by Shapespeare or Metz. The 2' SS extension screwd on the base, gets it a little ligher, and makes it less likely that a person will grab the actual antenna.