The boat's owner was experienced and had fished that area a number of times in the past, including the previous weekend. The boat was 38 miles out when found.
This topic has been very active in a number of other forums, especially those involved with Florida fishing. The weather when they left was good--seas calm--and one person who posted bought bait just after they did and watched them go out. The seas began to come up about 4 to 5 hours later and gradually built to up to over 10 feet. The front came in an hour earlier than expected. Anchoring on a reef in that area is not unusual. But when the boat is anchored, the bow will not rise to the seas, as well as when it is underway. It is not clear if there were engine problems, or if they remained anchored because of the wind and seas--and felt that they could "ride it out". There are two types of Everglade 21"s --I am sure that Mac can tell us much more about these--but they had the one with larger freeboard and fuel tank.
Hyrothermia already played a major role here. The water temperatures are in the 62 to 64 degree range at that time. The water conducts heat 32 times faster than air. Generally in 60 to 70 degree water you have 2 to 7 hours before exhaustion, and unconscious status, and 2 to 40 hours of survival. However in this case all four got on the bottom of the boat. But there did not seem to be any lines to hold them completely out of the water, so one suspects that they were peroidically in the water or at least hit with spray and waves. The longer survival of the one individual may have to do with his jacket. We don't know about the other three. But if they were to keep out of the water, chances of survival would have been much better.
Yes, we would think that a kicker would have been a good idea--but in these seas, it may have been hard or impossible to run. (Cavitation, weight aft, difficuty steering). They may have been out of radio range and certainly out of cell phone range (if the cell phones were functioning).
In the spirit of education, rather than criticism--what could have been done differently. Obvious is the distance off shore, the size of boat, and the weather (coming back in sooner). A second engine or kicker. A sea anchor may have been better--or a float on the anchor rode, so that the load is parallel with the waves vs pulling down with the waves, may have helped. Float coats with insulation (it can get mighty cold even in Florida this time of the year).
A better float plan and earlier notification of the Coast Guard would have helped. (But the family knew the general area and when they were expected back).
Marie and I have been carrying Personal locator beacons (EPIRB 406, with GPS)--activation of one of these would have both brought fast help and to the correct location. A hand held VHF radio would have helped in the final localization. A strobe light may have also helped with the search, especially after dark. We believe that all three of these need to be carried on the person of each person--maybe more reasonable is just the skipper. But either way--$500 for the PLB, $100 for the water proof handheld VHF radio and $30 for the Strobe would have saved lives and affected prompt rescue.