A couple observations . I am by no means an expert ,I just get to think about and deal with boats and manufacturers constantly , have lots of interactions with boaters and have a little tech background .Just enough to be dangerous yet hopefully helpful.A researcher I am not .An observer is a better description.
Number one thing is ethanol amounts are not consistent from location to location or from day to day . That would have a definite effect on fuel economy readings from the perspective of available energy in the fuel.
Engine tune and performance matters as well , injection systems are sensitive,and water and dirt wreak havoc on marine engines, propping is another wild card.
Condition of bottom makes a huge difference as many will point out.
The Yamaha fuel management gauges on Warren's boat , I believe are "paddle wheel type" and distance is calculated by pitot tube speedometer/odometer .That's not speed over ground , but is speed through the water . The NMEA 2000 data bus fuel monitors are driven by the engine computer and interfaced with GPS data . NMEA data bus is probably more accurate across the rpm spectrum than the inline paddle wheels of the Floscan, Navman, or early Yamaha fuel management systems.
All modern systems are now NMEA .
There is not a huge difference in efficiency of modern power plants . It takes X amount of energy to move X amount of load through the water . There is some different design philosophies to get the same end result .
For instance small displacement ,lots of programming , valve timing and things like supercharging; I.E Merc and Honda .
Another design style is the "no replacement for displacement " school . Suzuki and Yamaha have subscribed to that in their mid size offerings , another is the dangerously lean and mean 2 stroke philosophy of Evinrude , Merc Opti and Tohatsu TLDI.and its all changing all the time .
The conquest of efficiency should not overshadow the pleasure of simply being on a boat that starts,runs , gets you where you want to go and brings you the satisfaction and lifestyle that we all love .