They don't call this a license, but it is. Read the NOAA page. While it is "free" to "register" in 2010, they will begin charging to register in 2011 to ostensibly "cover the costs" of the program. However, it also goes on to state that all money goes to the general treasury, not NOAA, so it is really a tax or licensure fee, not a cost recovery fee.
Even if your state has a saltwater license, you may still need to register. Virginia has a saltwater license but refuses to play with the federal government on this so we all have to register.
It is still unclear to me if I need this if I don't fish in the offshore federal waters and stay within the 3 miles the states control. And as far as them finding out what I am catching, I don't get it. Am I required to file a report after all my trips now? Fat chance of that happening, I can barely get my boat washed and put away much less spend time on paperwork.
From their site:
8. Is there a fee to register?
There is no fee to register in 2010. A fee will be required as of January 1, 2011.
9. How much will registration cost in 2011?
The fee for registering in 2011 has not been established yet, but NOAA estimates it will cost between $15 and $25.
10. How will the fee be determined?
According to Federal law, the registration fee will be calculated based on the cost to administer the program. That means that NOAA will look at the total amount of money it takes to run the registry, and divide that by the anticipated number of people registering. In other words, if the program costs $25,000 to operate and 1,000 people were registering, the fee would be $25 per angler.
11. Where will the money go?
Fees collected by the National Saltwater Angler Registry will go to the Federal treasury. They will not be designated for any specific purpose. In the case of anglers who are automatically registered when they buy a state license, money paid to the state will be used for purposes determined by that state. If you have a saltwater fishing license, call your state department of natural resources for more information.