3M-5200 is generally considered the best sealant for attaching underwater components
to the hull. However, it is very difficult to remove anything that has been
attached with 5200. Often times, the gelcoat will come off instead. There
are now 5200 removers, but I've never used one. 5200 also takes a number
of days to cure. I think seven, but check the directions. I don't recall how
soon you can re-lauch after applying it.
There is also 4200 which has a 24 hour cure period.
Neither of these will fix a broken flange on a depth sounder unless you are
attaching a decent sized piece of plastic to the hull. Neither would do a plastic,
edge to edge type of joint in my opinion.
Probably need a new flange.
Mike