Here are my 2 cents:
1. Delo 400 is primarily a diesel engine oil for commercial fleets. It is formulated to also meet most gasoline engine specs so that it can be used in mixed fleets.
2. Delo 400 does not come as a 10W-40; it comes as 10W-30, 15W-40, and 10W, 20, 30, 40, and 50 single grades.
3. A 10W-30 does indeed act like a 10W oil at low temperatures and a 30 weight oil at high temperatures. It has what is called a high viscosity index (VI), which means it doesn't thin out as rapidly as a single weight oil as it gets hot.
4. Most multigrade oils achieve the high VI by the addition of viscosity index improvers. These are polymeric compounds that thicken the oil more at high temperature than at low temperatures and thus impart the multigrade characteristics.
5. These polymeric compounds lose their effectiveness (and even break down) at high shear rates. So, while 3. above is true at low shear rates, i.e. in the sump, in the high shear parts of the engine (bearings, cams, piston walls, etc.) a 10W-30 oil does NOT act like a 30 weight oil, but more like a 10 or 15W oil.
6. One of the many reasons that synthetics are better is that they are inherently much higher VI fluids than mineral oils, and so don't need anywhere near as much VI improver to achieve multigrade characteristics (most synthetic 10W-30 oils, for example, don't contain any VI improver). As a result they do not thin out at high shear rates and therefore provide a thicker lubricant film.
7. It is a myth that high detergent oils should not be put into a dirty engine because they will loosen the dirt and cause problems in the engine (any more than washing very dirty hands will block the drain). First, ALL oils meeting the latest API specs are almost by definition high detergent oils; diesel engine specs call for slightly higher detergency because of diesel soot, but the difference is slight. So, unless you've been buying your oil in outer Mongolia, you've had a detergent oil in your engine all along. Second, detergency means that the oil solubilizes the sludge and keeps it in ultrafine suspension; it doesn't loosen up big chunks of sludge (which would be caught in the filter even if it did). This myth comes from the good old days of yore 30 years or so ago when detergent oils were first introduced. If you're still concerned, just change out the oil a little sooner the first time.
8. All reputable engine oils are so good nowadays that if one uses the recommended oil viscosity, changes the oil regularly, and does not let it run low, car engine lives of 2 - 300,000 miles are readily achieved. The greatest problem is that many of us don't do that.
9. Honda's oil is of course not made by Honda, but it meets all the appropriate API specs and will provide excellent service within the constraints of 8. above. It is a high detergent oil.
10. My own preference is to use a synthetic oil because I have seen first hand their superior performance and I believe it more than justifies the additional cost. In my cars I extend the recommended oil drain interval by a factor of 2; in my Honda BF130 I change the oil at 200 hours as called for. Although any reputable true full synthetic oil will be superb, for reasons made clear below, I use Mobil 1. I sold my last car at 205,000 miles, and my three current vehicles are at 145,000, 128,000, and 100,000 miles, respectively. None have had engine failures of any kind. The BF130 is now at about 520 hours.
11. The basis for my opinions above is my 30 years with Mobil Oil, including 15 years in fundamental lubrication research and 15 years in lubricant (automotive, aviation, and industrial) product development. I managed the Division which, for example, developed (and continues to improve) Mobil 1. I retired 10 years ago.
Patrick